I do see you edited your first post, you need to make sure that BOTH the ejector and the exctractor are removed from the bolt when checking headspace. The only thing that would cause what you are seeing (easy in, friction out) with regards to mechanical parts is stored energy (read:spring tension). you are creating spring tension either by compressing the go gauge into the chamber (the gauge SHOULD be inflexible, so more likely is some kind of debris in the chamber, or bolt face) or, the extractor has issues roatating back around the gauge (I believe the extractor has some tension when a round is inserted into the bolt face).
IANAGunsmith. If you can't find the source of this discrepancy then you should take it to one. Saving $50 in labor costs is not worth your rifle or limbs when the rubber hits the road.
Good luck!