No, the GO gage is longer than a case to allow the case to expand during firing. A barrel with tight headspace could allow a cartridge to fit but the rifle might not function and chamber pressures could be increased depending on the interference. Also, unless the case is held to precise tolerances you won't have any idea which part of the case is binding in the chamber.
Edited to add that I went searching for the max case datum figure, since SAAMI still hasn't answered my letter about buying their books, and found this artice:
[url=http://www.jarheadtop.com/article_handloading.html]Boots Obermeyer's "Handloading for Match Rifles[/url].
Then scroll down to [b]HEADSPACE[/b].
Relevant portion cut and pasted here for the impatient.
[Boots]
"The cartridge case usually doesn't contact the .400 diameter ring at first closing. The normal contact is at the radius of the neck and the shoulder. The gun can actually be closed easily with a case .002 to .003 longer than the chamber at this point."
[/Boots]
Armalite also has a good [url=http://www.armalite.com/library/techNotes/tnote11.htm]article[/url] on their page that, discussing the .308, show the dimensional differences between max case, min chamber, and GO gage.
Cut and pasted here
[center][b]CARTRIDGE [/b]
[blue]MIN[/blue] [red]MAX[/red]
SAAMI
1.627 1.633
GOVERNMENT
1.630 1.633
[b]CHAMBER [/b]
SAAMI
1.630 1.640
GOVERNMENT M-14
1.6355 1.6385
GOVERNMENT M-14 Match
1.631 1.633[/center]