Any holdovers whether mil dot, MOA or fancy BDC will not work on a variable optic with a second focal plane reticule. Only at it's highest power. If you want it to work at all, you'll have to pony up for a First Focal Plane reticule optic where the reticule size varies with what power you've got the optic on.
However, there is supposedly a mathematical formula for this:
Distance = size of target (in yards) / mils, multiplied by current magnification / scope's full power magnification.
Soooooo...
Say I measure a target at .9 mils in my scope and I know it's an 18" circle. I'm using a 1-4 optic and have my optic set at 3x.
Take our standard mil equation: 18/36 = .5 * 1000 = 500. 500 / .9 (size of target in mils) = 555.5 yards. Then, to correct for my optic being set on 3x instead of it's max of 4x; 555.5 * 3/4 = 416.6 yards away. So, the target is actually 416 yards away.
That's what I've concluded in my own studies on using mils. If someone sees that I'm wrong, feel free to correct me.