Wes, you have to many variables to give a complete conclusive answer to your question, I would depend upon many factors - who's the scope manufacturer , which generation/technology, what kind of flash are we taking about, just to many variables.
I will tell you of my experience, I have several russian NVD - first of the 3 tubes I have each has a different sensitivity to lights. one has single tube and the other has double seperate tubes. I was finding it interesting that in very dark enviroment one of the tubes will go to static while the other tube by same manufacturer goes to just black.
As to lights and their effect - my equipment is early military or civilian generation 1 - I would rate it poor choice for serious long term use. I have noticed fisheye (distorted image) and if you point it towards a med to high power light source it just goes white (I think long term exposure would damage the unit), It stays white for many seconds. I have not had it go to white when used with gun fire from behind the weapon but I have not had it pointed directly at the muzzle either from in front or from the side, I always use from behind looking towards the target area.
You will notice that the red laser's appear as a solid beam of light (like a green laser does to your eyes), and the IR laser's do as red laser's do to normal eye's with NVD (IE you only see where they land on the target, provided it's not dusty).
If you want to use one for serious business you should consider either red dot sight compatable with nightvision equipment and goggles or good 3rd generation NVD with automatic cut off's built into it for light flashes from auto's etc. I myself like the goggle & laser approach as it give more flexablity to me and I don't have to point a weapon to see if it's a target or not.
You ask about how to sight a NV scope in - it's the same as any other scope use the adjustments to bring the bullet impact to point of sight at range you want it sighted in at - laser was nice as I just put mine in rifle vise used reddot scope to put whole thing on target (flashlight on target) - tuned off flash light -put on night vision goggles and aligned laser dot to where red dot was- fired for effect- hit target were dot was and was done. I would suggest LED IR lights in several levels if using for hunting at night in woods you may not get enough light to see well (but much better an with normal eyes and not flash light)
Some of the systems do take other filters and lenses and camera adaptors - I have not seen one as you describe but newer equipment have a setdown/cut off function for when too much light reaches the objective.