You'll have to try 21 or 31 rounds in your own rifle to determine how it jams the weapon. The extreme pressure on the feed lips will commonly cause a top round failure to feed.
Overloading and dicking with the magazine springs on the followers were the two reasons we loaded 18 rounds per magazine in the 1960s.
Once we got all the magazines fixed and started getting ammo on clips we loaded them to 20.
Inserting a full magazine in the rifle with the bolt closed is a standard procedure. The magazine is designed to function this way. There are often problems with 10 round "post ban" magazines 'cuz the magazine makers are paranoid about an 11th round getting in there.
If you're having problems with USGI 20 round magazines feeding the first few rounds, or the 19th and 20th are hard to get in, check the spring on the follower against a good magazine. The spring is likely on the follower wrong, or the follower is on the spring wrong -- I'm never sure which is on which. [;)]
-- Chuck