You want chrome-lined. The barrel IS chrome-moly steel, you just want to make sure it has chrome lining to prevent corrosion among other things. Most mil-spec type AR barrels are made of chrome-moly steel. Unless it's stainless or something else higher-end for sniper or competition use, it usually goes without saying that it's a chrome-moly steel barrel. Chrome-lined or not chrome-lined is the only question.
So to answer your question, chrome-moly is the type of steel that the barrel is made of. Chrome lining is exactly that, chrome lining inside the barrel to prevent corrcsion, ease cleaning, add longevity, add muzzle velocity, etc. Mil-spec calls for chrome lining inside the barrel. Bare chrome-moly steel does not wear well as a barrel material and it is highly prone to corrosion. As an alloy of different metals, chrome-moly is not blended well, so it doesn't wear evenly. When an unlined chrome-moly steel barrel wears out, it will be in the form of a bald spot in the middle of the bore somewhere and will usually show itself through bullers keyholing on target (hitting it sideways). The bald spot is an area where a specific, weaker metal in the alloy is in a higher concentration and wears out faster than the metal surrounding it. Stainless steel, as another popular barrel steel, wears out evenly as it's more uniformly blended and it is not nearly as prone to the accuracy-robbing corrosive pitting that chrome-moly is. This is what makes tham ideal sniper and competition barrels.
Differences with the M4? This is sort of their rendition of an M4. The true M4 barrel is only 14.5 inches, this is 16" to comply with minimum legal length requirements. I believe Rock River barrels are heavier under the H-guard than true mil-spec M4, but not sure
That detachable mount is crap, so I'd agree with you in losing it.