I am wondering if I am babying my barrel or if I am on the right track. Normally I fire 20 rounds and if the barrel is too hot to hold comfortably in my hand I 'll let it cool off for awhile. Is this the right procedure to prolong the life and accuracy of my barrel?
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Well, you definitely won't wear out the barrel like that
The AR15 barrels can withstand quite a bit of flat out abuse and still hold up for several thousands of rounds. You can get your barrel much hotter than that with no problems though. Until you start to see the CLP smoke off the barrel, you aren't even in the realm where heat is something I would think about and you can regularly smoke the CLP off the barrel and still see the barrel life exceed 30,000-40,000 rounds in semi.
If you are talking short-term use, the gas tube will blow out before the barrel does (though cook-offs can happen long before that). If you are talking long-term use, even an abused non-chrome-lined barrel should be good for around 10,000 rounds before throat erosion leads to reduced accuracy.
Temperture doesn't really hurt barrels, bad cleaning practices (makes bad crowns and muzzle wear) and throat erosion usually does.
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Temperature contributes quite a bit to throat erosion through a process known as heat checking. Basically, the metal around the chamber develops tiny microscopic cracks from repeated exposure to heat - kind of like a pool of mud drying in the sun. The metal then begins to flake off and throat erosion happens faster.
This is eventually going to happen no matter how much you baby the barrel; but the hotter you run it and the more frequently you run it hot, the sooner it will happen.