The cliffs notes version...
Stuff we all know
Radio waves in the HF spectrum 'reflect' off the ionosphere... once they get through the pesky D layer (all but goes away at night)... the more 'ionized' the upper level of the atmosphere, the more effective it is in reflecting these waves back down....
The more sun spot activity is directly tied and proportional to the ionization levels of the upper atmosphere and how effective our signals are returned to earth.... and... increases the MUF so we can all enjoy some 10m DX
so... sun spot numbers (A) , is proportional to ionization (Z) which is proportional to effective propagation (R)....
Then, we can simplify by saying A ~= R... or more accurately A sub Z =~ R...
or, in other words... A =~ DX
Or one step further... we set QSL Card collection rate to Q
A reduced value of A directly effects a reduced Q !!
A == Q