Quoted:
The confusion here is nomenclature. You aren't looking for a 'gas mask'. You are looking for a protective mask.
'Gas' implies that you have an external supply of breathable air and a non permeable/sealed mask. Firefighters wear gas masks, otherwise known as Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. Aircraft egress bottles are also gas masks. These are active systems, providing breathable air from a closed tank.
A "Protective Mask" uses a filter to remove toxic particulates from the air. These are passive systems, they provide filter protection in an otherwise toxic environment. It does not protect you from gases that are heavier than or displace breathable air. It merely removes the 'stuff' in the air. It doesn't work against smoke, it does not give you air in an airless environment. Chemical agents in aerosol form, you'll want a protective mask.
Now, back to your original question: any maker worth buying from has corrective lens inserts for their masks. 3M is a good place to start, MSA is another.
If you type 'us army nbc' into a search engine, you'll find information relevant to your interest.
+1. To add a bit to this, I have used both positive pressure and negative pressure masks, as well as cartridge respirators. When I was on active duty, I could never be sure what mask I would get in a drill/emergency, so I never worried about an insert.
Now that I have my own mask on my department, I took it in to my eye doctor and asked him to get me a prescription insert. We use the Scott SCBA and he ordered me the insert to fit it just like ordering a pair of glasses. So the best advice is to talk to your eye doctor and see what they can do.
The Scott insert was/is a lot nicer than the MSA insert I had. The Scott insert has a little notch that fits on a tab on the nose cup and stays in place. The MSA insert had a suction cup that stuck to the inside of the facepiece. It was always popping off and was a PITA.
If you are set on the cartridge respirator, see what he can do in terms of prescription safety glasses. An even better option would be the cartridge respirator that is full face instead of half-mask.
On a side note, I also bought prescription lenses for my dive mask. They were awesome, although I don't think they were from the eye doctor. If I remember right, the dive shop I was using could order them and tried different powers until I found one I liked (kind of like reading glasses).
ETA: I guess that I should add a review of the mask that you linked. I have a half-mask cartridge respirator that looks like it is the same model as the one that you found. I use it when working with insulation, dry wall, and otherwise dusty projects around the house. It is awsome for its use. I should also point out that you can get different cartridges for different jobs and they will work with this mask.