Phoenix, Scottsdale, Tempe, Chandler, Peoria, Glendale, Sun City and others are all in one metropolitan area in the lower desert. It gets very hot here in the summer but mercifully the summers are a very short. To me, having grown up in the Midwest and living in the Phoenix area it's like we have only two seasons, Summer and not Summer. In the dead of what others consider to be winter, occasionally the temperatures will drop below freezing at night.
Flagstaff however is roughly 360 miles north of Phoenix on the Mogillon Rim elevation about 6000'. It is the 3rd largest Metropolitan area in AZ. Lots of pine trees, scrub oak and all four seasons including blizzards and bitter cold.
As far as the Phoenix area suburbs are concerned, each municipality in the Phoenix Metro area has it's good area's and bad areas so I really can't help you a whole lot there but I can tell you to avoid purchasing a home in south Phoenix, south central Scottsdale, anywhere near the Arizona State University in Tempe, Tolleson or Gila Bend.
The home sales here are in a kinda bad way right now, it is a sellers market but it still isn't as bad as trying to buy a house in CA.
Indeed, Phoenix is not like Chicago. The most noticable difference is the smell or the lack of the smell. I was in downtown Chicago for four miserable days last year for IBM techincal training and I hated it. The people were generally nice enough but the smell and the constant wind convinced me that I do not want to go to Chicago again.
The smell in Chicago wasn't quite as bad as the smell in Detroit which I hear is not as bad as the smell in New York City but the constant wind more than made up for that.
I hope this helps.