They check to see if you have ever been arrested or a wanted fugitive. I think also check to see if the info you put on the forms is correct. A little bit of advice. When you fill out the forms, read the questions. If you are not sure of your answer than I would reconsider filling it out. You should only have to answer yes to two questions on the Federal form. "Are you the actual buyer" and "Are you a citizen of the United States". If you have to answer yes to any others than I don't think you should even bother filling out the form. I don't know anything about your states forms, or even if your state has its own form. Good luck [uzi]

The form you are referring to is the *federal* 4473 form.  The "yes" questions are the first and last.

The backgroud check is the federal NICS system.  Your name and license number will be entered (either manually or via swiping your DL) into the computer, and they will look for any past felonies, domestic violence, court-ruled mental instabilities, or things like "failure to appear."  Misdemeanors other than domestic violence won't prevent you from buying a gun.

-Troy