The type of medium can be, but is not limited to the following: aggregated databases, online journals, Web sites or Web pages, newsgoups, Web- or Web or e-mail based newsletters. Pagination in electronic references is unavailable in many cases, thus left out of the
citation. The APA Manual has a short section demonstrating the format for electronic references on pp. 268-281. For other examples, visit
[url]www.apastyle.org/elecref.html[/url]
Citing computer software
Arend, Dominic N. (1993). Choices (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Champaign, IL: U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Research Laboratory. (CERL Report No.CH7-22510)
If an individual(s) has proprietary rights to the software, their name(s) are listed at the head of the entry, last names first, followed by a period.
Otherwise, treat such references as unauthored. Do not italize the title. Specify in brackets that the source is computer software, program or language.
List the location and the organization's name that produced the program. Add any other necessary information for identifying the program (in this
example, the report number) in parentheses at the entry's conclusion. To reference a manual, follow the same as above but add "manual" as the source in
the bracketed information. Do not add a period at the end of a citation if it ends in a web address.
Full-Text Database (i.e., book, magazine, newspaper article or report)
The second date which follows is the date the user retrieved the material. No period follows an Internet Web address.
Schneiderman, R. A. (1997). Librarians can make sense of the Net. San Antonio
Business Journal, 11, 58+. Retrieved January 27, 1999, from EBSCO
Masterfile database.
Article in an Internet-only journal
Kawasaki, J. L., & Raven, M.R. (1995). Computer-administered surveys in extension.
Journal of Extension, 33, 252-255. Retrieved June 2, 1999, from http://joe.org/joe/index.html
Article in an Internet-only newsletter
Waufton, K.K. (1999, April). Dealing with anthrax. Telehealth News, 3(2). Retreived
December 16, 2000, from http://www.telehearlth.net/subscribe/newslettr_5b.html#1
Internet technical or research reports
University of California, San Francisco, Institute for Health and Aging. (1996, November).
Chronic care in America: A 21st century challenge. Retrieved September 9, 2000,
from the Robert Wood Foundation Web site: http://www.rwjf.org/library/chrcare
Document created by private organization, no page numbers, no date
Greater Hattiesburg Civic Awareness Group, Task Force on Sheltered Programs. (n.d.).
Fund-raising efforts. Retreived November 10, 2001, from http://www.hattiesburgcag.org
Sometimes authors are not identified, and there is no date showing for the document. Date website was accessed should be used and efforts should be
made to identify the sponsoring author/organization of the website. If none is found, do not list an author.
Document from university program or department
McNeese, M.N. (2001). Using technology in educational settings. Retrieved October 13, 2001,
from University of Southern Mississippi, Educational Leadership and Research Web site:
http://www-dept.usm.edu/~eda/
E-Mail, newsgroups,
Personal communications, which are not archived, should not included in reference lists and cited within the text only: Smith, Fred ("personal
communication," January 21, 1999