To obtain a permit, a person must be 21, must be able to prove that he or she does not have a criminal record or a history of mental illness and must pass a gun safety course.Luis Tolley of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, which advocates restrictions, said: "What Utah is doing is part of a broader campaign to allow people to carry concealed weapons virtually anywhere: churches, restaurants, bars. But we've never heard of any state that has taken it as far as Utah."
Churches here can ban guns only if they post a notice on the door. Adults with permits for concealed weapons may bring guns into elementary and secondary schools. Only places like airports, jails and mental hospitals, have the right to ban guns.
"People want to paint me as a gun nut," Attorney General Shurtleff, a Republican, said. "I don't make the policy. I'm just enforcing the law."
To students, teachers and college administrators around the state, the pressure to lift the bans on guns is baffling. A poll by The Deseret News found that nearly two-thirds of Utah's residents favor banning guns from schools and day care centers.
"I think it's crazy," said Zack Jensen, a senior at the University of Utah. "Do these legislators think we're still the Old West? Having guns in the classroom raises the risk of impulse or accidental shootings."
On Mr. Jensen's backpack was a button with the words, "I think, therefore I'm dangerous."
John Morley, a columnist at The Daily Utah Chronicle, the university's student paper, wrote: "The notion that students need a weapon capable of administering death at any moment just to feel safe is paranoid and poorly grounded. Its sets the whole campus on edge and undermines the education mission."
Former Senator Jake Garn, a trustee of the university and an influential Republican in this heavily Republican state, favors keeping the ban.
"Students and teachers must feel that classrooms are havens of learning and not a potential firing range," Mr. Garn said in a letter published today by The Salt Lake Tribune.
Seven of the state's nine public colleges and universities and the two private campuses — including Brigham Young University, Utah's largest university, with 29,000 students — ban guns on campus. Thus far, state officials have not pressed the B.Y.U. campus, owned and operated by the Mormon Church, to open its grounds to guns. Mr. Shurtleff said he was researching whether private universities must let people carry guns to class.
Some colleges say they should at least be able to keep guns out of student disciplinary hearings. At one such hearing in 1993 at Weber State University in Ogden, a student pulled out two loaded pistols and opened fire, injuring three people before a police officer killed him.
Mr. Machen said he had received hundreds of e-mail messages since his appearance before the Legislature, many of them threatening.
Gun advocates are relying on a lawsuit by the attorney general or a gun carrier to open campuses to weapons. University officials said the ban would remain until a court ordered them to change it.
"This academic-freedom defense is really pathetic," said Mr. Aposhian, who said he carried a 40-caliber baby Glock pistol at all times. "They're saying if I disagree with someone, they're afraid I'm going to shoot them. Well, guess what: there are small people who may be afraid of football players beating them up, but we don't ban the football players from the classroom."