I work with a lady whose family buys 100 fryer chicks every Spring. They butcher 70-80 at about 7 weeks of age (the remainder died before butchering day). I think that's just slightly younger than usual, but fryers start dying of heart attacks around 12 weeks. I'm sure there are more hardy breeds but they probably don't grow as fast.
I'm raising chickens for eggs right now (first time for me, the wife's family did it when she was young). One mature hen is supposed to lay 110-160 eggs/year, though this breed has been bred for high egg production. You'd need a rooster, obviously. I'd bet that a dozen mature hens and one rooster could produce enough eggs and chicks to have you eating eggs every morning and chicken every night. You'd need the right breed, though. Certainly two dozen would be more than enough.
Some hens won't brood - they don't sit on the eggs, so the eggs never hatch. The embryo dies early due to lack of warmth. At worst, you eat more eggs and fewer chickens when the hens are not feeling broody and you get a handful of chicks when they are. Chick survival rates are nowhere near 100%.
Broody hens don't produce as many eggs, but they produce more chicks.
Predator control (fencing, a good dog) would be critical.