Government M4 barrels have a skinny profile under the handguards reducing weight. Also the step cut reduces weight by a bit more, as well weight from being 1.5" shorter.
Velocity difference from 1.5" is hardly worth mentioning. I know I can still hit a human size target at 300 yards with factory ammo while standing, so what more do you need. By it's very nature a carbine is not a sniper weapon, so why worry over loss of effective range when it's still WAY beyond where you will be shooting anyway. The carry handle dials up to 600 meters. Not that you'd ever have to shoot that far, but it's there because you can.
Also why get a 16" and have such a short sight radius? The only reason I would ever own another 16" is if I got a dissipator, period. For having a short sight radius you might as well have the proper barrel to go with it.
All this and I almost forgot to mention the fact that bayonets will not work on a 16" but WILL on a 14.5".
As far as permanently attatching, who cares if you can remove it??? Other folks may be different than me, but I have never had any reason to remove a flash suppressor other than to freefloat a DCM gun. And in that case it was a 20" anyway and there was no need to weld it on.
As far as reliability and function goes, there is no real difference caused by barrel length. The differences there are where you got it from, if it's bushmaster or some no-name brand.
My recommendation is to get a 14.5" M4 w/ phantom. They are affordable, ship quickly from bushmaster, and you will be happy. They are light, they are the proper length for bayonet use, they have the same barrel length in front of the gas tube as the 20", you can have the best barrel possible for the short sight radius, if you should ever want to you can get a grenade/flare launcher, and it is still accurate at and beyond 400 yards. Remember, normal combat engagement is about 150 yards.
So I don't see what the issue is all about. [:D]
[img]http://www.colt.com/colt/assets/images/a2f20_m4carbine.gif[/img]
[heavy] M4 ALL THE WAY, BABY!! [heavy]