AM/FM Radio? Short wave? CB? Ham? What's the best kind of communication and information device for a Survival situations?

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WTF ???

Are you looking for a reciever or a transciever (2 way)?

You want a radio that can communicate both ways and have ALL of the above bands of reception, buy a Yaesu VX7R HAM radio. $400 and you're good to go.

It can talk on 4 bands of HAM and if one was so inclined to tweak a few things , FRS, GMRS, 2 meter CB, as well as 70 Cm, 2 meter, 1.25 meter and 6 meter (AM & FM on 6 meter).

Get a HAM license and you'll be able to talk over 100 miles using repeaters. Or anywhere on the globe using IRLP nodes.