The Mosin-Nagant was adopted in 1891 by the Czar's military. Manufacture started slowly at the three arsenals in Russia and as a result, thousands were made under contract by the French arsenal at Chatterault. During WWI, Remington and New England Westinghouse made nearly 2 million Mosin rifles, though many of them never made it to Russia.
Over the years, Mosins have also been made in Rumania, Hungary, Poland, Red China, North Korea (very rare) and commonly issued in Albania, East German, Yugoslavia, and many Soviet satellite nations and 3rd world countries. The Czechs rebuilt many Mosins after WWII. They were also issues as captured weapons to forces of the Third Reich, Turkey, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The Finns never made any recievers, but assembled Mosins in about a dozen configurations with parts from Russia, France, America, Belgium, and Switzerland.
All told, well over 100 million Mosins were made from the 1890s to the 1960s. As late as the 1970s and 80s, Mosins were being rearsenaled in the Ukraine for war reserve storage.
The 7.62 x 54R round fired by the Mosin-Nagant carries the unique distinction of being in service longer than any other military round, from the early 1890s to today, where it is used in many Russian machine guns.
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