*Did you ever swear an oath to an individual state?
No, the oath taken is the same exact one that is taken by active duty members. The differance is that the NG has a state mission and a federal mission.
*Does the National Guard chain of command extend through the U.S.Army?
During peacetime each state National Guard answers to the leadership in the 50 states, three territories and the District of Columbia. During national emergencies, however, the President reserves the right to mobilize the National Guard, putting them in federal duty status. While federalized, the units answer to the Combatant Commander of the theatre in which they are operating and, ultimately, to the President.
Even when not federalized, the Army National Guard has a federal obligation (or mission.) That mission is to maintain properly trained and equipped units, available for prompt mobilization for war, national emergency, or as otherwise needed.
The National Guard Bureau (NGB) was formed to assist the states, territories and District of Columbia procure funding for the Guard, administer policies and act as a liaison between the Departments of the Army and Air Force and the states.
The NGB is a joint bureau of the Departments of the Army and Air Force, and functions in both a staff and an operating capacity for each component. The NGB performs the federal functions of the Army National Guard (ARNG) and the Air National Guard (ANG). The senior leader at NGB is the Chief, National Guard Bureau, usually a Lieutenant General.
The Army National Guard and the Air National Guard are each led by their own director. The two directors are selected by the Secretary of the Army (for the Director of the Army National Guard) and the Secretary of the Air Force (for the Director of the Air National Guard.) Both directors report to the Chief of the NGB. Full-time staffs support the Chief of the NGB and the directors of the ARNG and the ANG.
When ARNG units are not mobilized under federal control, they report to the Adjutant General of their state or territory, or in the case of the District of Columbia, the Commanding General. Each Adjutant General is responsible to the Governor of his state (or in the case of the District of Columbia, the mayor.)
*What the official title of the National Gaurd e.g. U.S. Army National Guard, or "State Name" National Guard
Army National Guard or Air National Guard.
If you examine the II Amendment, "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
It is clear that it is composed of 2 parts. The first addressing the need for a military (A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State.) and the second addressing the right of the people to be armed in addition to that militia (The right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.). Those that say that the II Amendment only gives the right to bear arms to the militia are simply wrong.