The idea of an afterlife has been an idea of Judaism for millenia.
"All Israel have a portion in the World-to-Come"
-- Mishna, Sanhedrin 10:1
Though it's been an idea, it's never been a goal. Judaisn has always concentrated upon life in this world, working in partnership with G-d to complete his works. By that, it's understood in Judaism as Tikkun Olam, or repair of the world. G-d gave us the ability and resources act righteously and ethically to make this a worthwhile world for all life upon it, and Judaism views this work is not yet accomplished.
That said, Traditional Judaism also believes there is no "lock" on salvation...salvation is an alien thought to Traditional Judaism:
"The righteous among the nations of the world will have a share in the World-to-Come."
-- Tosefta, Sanhedrin 13:2
Ed