The Study
Twelve healthy male volunteers (mean age 27 years) participated in the study. They were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise, protein and alcohol intake for 24 hours before commencing the study. They also had to be clean of creatine use for at least three months prior to commencing the study. These precautions were necessary since all of these factors influence the effectiveness of creatine and could influence the outcome of the study.
Subjects were given creatine in combination with carbohydrates with or without protein. In all, four conditions were tested:
Condition 1. Creatine (5 grams) and very low carbohydrates (5 grams glucose). Placebo Condition.
Condition 2. Creatine (5 grams) and low carbohydrates (50 grams glucose).
Condition 3. Creatine (5 grams) and high carbohydrates (96 grams of glucose).
Condition 4. Creatine (5 grams) and carbohydrates (47 grams of glucose) and protein (50 grams of milk protein).
Afterwards their blood insulin levels and the amount of creatine retained by the body were measured.
Results
This study found that the combination of protein and carbohydrates (Condition 4) increased insulin release and consequently muscle creatine absorption to the same extent as high carbohydrates alone (Condition 3). Furthermore, this augmentation in creatine absorption was much greater than that observed with either placebo (Condition 1) or low carbohydrates (Condition 2). Importantly, the increase in creatine retention with carbohydrates and protein (Condition 4) was 25% greater than that observed with placebo (Condition 1).
Take your creatine with protein and carbohydrates! There are several advantages to doing this:
First, the combination of protein and carbohydrates increases creatine absorption via the actions of insulin. Secondly, you only need to take half as much sugars to get the same boost in creatine absorption.
Lastly, adding protein to your creatine mixture promotes the production of new muscle proteins.