Sand in a box will stop bullets. I got my idea for my small backyard backstop from the box'o'truth, I used a sheet of 3/4" pressure treated plywood, ripped it in half to make two 4'x4' squares, used 2"x 2x10"x8's cut to 4' lengths, built the box with plywood screwed into the 2x10s, giving me a box 4'x4'x11.5" with a 9"ish wide hollow middle. I carried the box to its home, put it up on leveled cinder blocks to get the height where I wanted it (raised it 12" above grade), and started dumping sand into it. It took a lot of sand, and the plywood does flex a hair, but it has held for two years. As you shoot it, it will develop holes and leak. I just add another sheet of 1/4" plywood every once in a while, and make sure I'm not hanging all my targets in the same exact spot. It isn't the best in the world, but for my own personal at home use, I like it.
I will add, that beyond my shooting position is ABOVE the target, and the ground continues to slope downwards in a valley, and I can see anything coming or going, should I somehow punch through the box, I still know where my rounds are going.
I've debated building a bigger version like you mention, with 6x6 posts and adding 2x4's to them to get the 10"ish inches of thickness for the filler (sand), but there are some flaws, mostly they involve people shooting the posts and not the sand, the sand being a pain to refill on a larger scale, and a pretty ugly shooting position.
I'm also interested in folks thoughts on a larger scale setup, but will advise that you don't put your range in a position that a road falls behind it. Its asking for problems.