1. The M4 barrel assembly (and all the others in the M16 family) includes the "front handguard cap." And the barrel extension, and the front sight, and the barrel nut. In fact, none of these "parts" show in the TM as they're not available in the supply system nor are they replaceable at any level of maintenance. It's a barrel assembly.
2. The M203 was designed for the M16A1 and will indeed fit on any M16 profile barrel. This includes the XM177E2 and is the reason the E2 barrel is longer than the E1. Clamps right behind the moderator. The M4, of course, has the signature recess cut in the front section of the barrel, but the rear section is the same diameter as the M16A1. The M4A1(HB) used by some special ops units has recess cuts at the right location under the handguards of the heavy barrel but, of course, the M16A2, A3, and A4 are all small diameter under the handguards.
–– Chuck