Sorry to bring back an old post, but I think I can help shed some light on some of the questions.
First would be why this cartridge, and perhaps why not so popular. The obvious answer to why less popular now would be the other choices out there for a mid bore. Back in the day, when I had my barrel built back in the 2002 or so time frame, the 6.8 and 6.5's were just starting out. I think there was so much "push" on these other cartridges to be the next best military cartridge, the 6 had to stand on its own merits.
I think the argument against, and for the 556 was that the heavy 556's were coming into their own, and when looking at the bullet weights for the 6, you can certainly see a lot of overlap between heavy 556 and light 6. For a target shooter or maybe varmint hunter, pretty much a push, and no great reason to run the 6.
But, the big argument for the 6 was and is hunting, in states that have a .243 caliber restriction for big game rifles. There are more than a few here out west that wanted to keep the .224 bore out of the "woods" for big critters. The .243 Win has long been a favorite for medium sized game, younger shooters, etc., so not hard to see why that floor was chosen.
This was the reason I had my 6mm barrel built. It is a dandy and legal medium size game round, that made the .243 caliber restriction here in NM and Colorado.
A couple of downsides to hunting with the 6 would be whether your state has magazine capacity restrictions. I did have to neuter a couple of 556 mags for Colorado. I think I may have a couple of 5 rounder Bushmaster mags in a pile somewhere.
The other issue on the magazine side is a bit more problematic. The space front to back in a 556 mag means you are going to have OAL limitations that will put a lot of the heaver 6mm bullets out of contention. Back when I was working up loads, my cutoff seemed to be about the 85-90 grain bullet weight, depending upon the bullet nose profile. There are assorted mags out in the market that will allow a few thou above the standard 556 oal, but I decided I did not want caliber specific mags, as I run a switch barrel MGI gun.
The bullet I settled on is the Barnes 85 TSX. I have not shot my barrel in years, but did take one antelope with the 85 TSX, and would not hesitate to do it again.
All in all, I think it is a very neat cartridge. It does not distance itself that much from the heavy 556 to make it "shine", and the flood of 6.5 and 6.8's on the market now will certainly keep the 6 in a very specific niche.
Craig