Some of the more readily seen stuff is whether or not parts match (wear or manufactures). Pull the handguards off and see if there is some rust on the barrel (not a big deal, but guns should not be rusty if well maintained). Look at the crown to see if the rifling is sharp and if there aren't any burrs or imperfections.
Check the chamber (again for rust...not all guns have chrome there, you know). Look down the bore to see if it is clean and bright. You can run a patch to see if there is rust. Most used guns I've seen were not very well taken care of.
Take the bolt carrier group apart and check to make sure the bolt isn't pitted (bolt face) or cracked (cracks around the cam pin hole). Make sure the firing pin isn't sharp at the end. Perform a function check when rifle is assembled (unloaded, of course) by putting the rifle on safe and trying to pull the trigger, then set the safety to "fire" and pull the trigger, the hammer should fall. Next hold down the trigger and charge the rifle. When you let go of the trigger, you should hear the disconnector make a noise, then pull the trigger again. The hammer should fall.
You can also ask round count, cleaning regimen, any malfunctions or jams and why, any modifications and why, if the rifle is factory or home built, etc. All are things good to know. If you purchase, strip the whole thing down and clean it and get familiar with the parts.
If the gun was built from parts you could check the headspace. I got an upper once and had its headspace checked and test fired at a gunsmith's for $5, but that's before I had my own gauges.