Quoted:
Will heating a barrel up that much hurt its accuracy permanently?
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Every time you fire a rifle, the bullet/gases plasma erodes the throat of the barrel. When the barrel becomes too hot, the throat erosion is greater per round fired.
Bottom line is that barrels are seldom worn out in the rifling, it's the throat of the rifling that is worn, and the bullet has to jump father forward before it engages the rifling. The longer that the bullet jumps forward without spinning, the less accurate the bullet will be, due to the rifling marring at bullet engagement.
Chrome lined barrel are less susceptive to erosion, but will still erode. The downfall to chrome lined barrels is that most plated barrel are less unified in the lands and groves than a non chrome barrel, due to the variable thickness of the chrome plating as it apply down the bore. If you plan on dumping mags in your rifle, chromed line is that way to go, but if your looking for a tack driver, a non-chromed barrel that is not mistreated will be a better solution.
Note: The determination of how accurate a barrel will be is determined by first the blank. Then how trued to bore line it’s turned, and then finally the reamed chamber. In some cases, a chromed line barrel will out shoot a non-lined barrel, if the non-lined barrel is poorly produced.
P.S. The smoke that you were getting off the barrel was just CLP burning off the surface of the barrel.