I've owned just about every variety of deer rifle imaginable... When I'm completely honest, and cut out all the bullshit, I have to admit that the near 'perfect' east-of-the-mississippi deer rifle is the first one I bought.... simply 20", stainless, bolt action .308 and a 1.75-6x Leupold VXIII scope.
It's roughly the same length, weight and balance as a win 94 30-30. However, since its scoped and 308, it easily handles all whitetail shots to any reasonable range (250 yards) without trajectory issues... Mine is Rem Model Seven. I've fairly certain I would NOT but a new Rem. However, the same basic rifle is available (20" bolt gun) from Ruger, tikka and others.
Caliber doesnt really matter all that much. I recently bought a 6.5 creedmoor and love it. Any of the following would be completely appropriate: 6.5 Creedmore, 260, 7mm-08, 308. take your pick.
I've hunted deer with everything from .223 and .300 AAC Blackout, through 30-30, 35 Rem, and 375 Win, on through .30-06, 280 Ackley Improved, 7mm Rem Mag, and a whole host of others. None of them do anything that the creed more, 260, 7mm08 or 308 won't do....
I still have a safe full of deer rifles. However, truth be told, the plain jane Seven in .308 spends more time in the woods than all the others. It simply works.