In the NY canal system the locks are freaking ancient. They're not run by pumps at all, merely valves for raising and lowering the water level. It's all gravity powered. The doors upen upstream and use the water's force to hold them shut.
To go downstream, the valves are closed on the lower end and opened on the upper end, the lock fills to the level of the upstream side. You open the doors to the upstream side and enter the lock, close the doors. Then the upstream valves are closed and the downstream valves are opened and water is drained out through parallel passages on the bottom left and right sides. When the lock water level drains to the downstream water level you can open the lower doors and depart the lock. Operation is the same for going upstream.
The NY system is decades if not over a hundred years old. It's an old electro mechanical system in the control room, lots of cast iron and brass. As I recall the electro part was retrofitted for status indicator lights and the rest was still mechanical. The lock keeper had to go to the upper doors to open and close them, return to the main building to operate the valves, and walk down to the lower doors to open them.
Back in a past life over 2 seperate jobs I got to spend a lot of time at a couple of the state locks talking to the keepers and they were always glad to share the history and knowledge of the locks. They'd rebuilt, and repair a corner of the facility every year, in 5 years the whole system would be rebuilt. One year I was there and got to down below in the water passages in the winter to get a trapped critter. The concrete passages were being repaired from natural erosion over time and the lock was dry with all the adjacent water gate control structures lifted for the winter.
Only one time was I refused passage through a lock, well actually wasn't refused but the federal lock operators didn't want to open the lock doors in flood condtions for fear of damaging the doors. I understood and forewent the trip upstream as my business could wait. (Federal Dam in Troy NY on the Hudson River)
I'm sure there are a lot more modern lock systems out there than the old erie canal system!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roqhd3yG3Qk
Bruce singing