The pioneers used fire places because they could make them from material on hand and fuel was abundant. Free standing stoves are a whole lot more efficient with a lot less heat loss.
I grew up around both. You would freeze in houses with fireplaces and typically in the larger older homes had to have more than one fire place going. Stoves were a single heat source, much like the later floor furnaces, that you had to keep doors open, but it would heat much more of the house.
The usual was stoke that sucker up before bed. It would make the room its in unbearably hot, but heat the entire house for the night. In the fireplace houses, it was run the one fireplace heating the one or two rooms then light another fireplace before you went to bed.
The old English homes were a variation of both, little stoves in different rooms of the house, where they would do the heat the one room move to another.
Tj