Well, I guess it's a matter of when does a pistol because a shotgun or a shotgun a pistol, or a rifle a pistol, etc, etc.
Does an M4 with a 9mm upper become a pistol? Well, it's shooting 9mm, a pistol round, but obviously we all know it falls within the restraints of being a rifle (barrel length, etc). Well, what makes the difference between a pistol and a rifle, such as (now) Bushmasters Carbon/Corbon 15 'pistols' (that are essentially ARs in pistol form). Those are 'pistols' but function very much like a rifle. the answer?
Umm.. me? My 'guess' is that if it meets the pistol requirements (is small enough, operates like 'standard pistols'??), in terms of size, then it is a pistol, regardless of round fired.
Magnum Research, known for their Desert Eagle series of pistols, makes a (single shot) Lone Eagle, which fires a .223.
=)