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Although Gila monsters appear slow and somewhat shy, they can turn and bite with surprising speed and accuracy. Their venom, which is considered somewhat less toxic than that of rattlesnakes, is produced by glands in their lower jaw. Through capillary action, the venom is pulled along the grooves in the animals' bottom teeth to the bite. Even the slightest bite by the lizard can deposit venom, and even these minor bites, are very painful.
In more serious bites, the Gila monsters may not immediately relase their victim but continue to chew and deposit more venom. They bite quickly and then hang on strongly, rolling over on their backs to allow the poison to flow down into the wound and chewing to inflict further puctures. These heavier bites commomly result in tissue damage.
In humans, common symptoms of the Gila venom include pain, reduced blood pressure, nausea and vomiting. The venom can also affect the nervous, circulatory, and respiratory systems. The venom contains several neuroactive chemicals including bradykinin, serotonin, and nerve growth factor.