I was issued a .38 special in the Army both at Ft Hood, TX (1st Cav, 1987-1989), and in the ROK (1990-1991). .38 Specials have been issued by the US military first during WWII, then Korea, then Vietnam, and afterward. The last M1911A1 was delivered in 1946. Through wear, loss, transfer as foregin aid, etc. the stockpile of .45's was far short of what we needed. By the time the M9 competition rolled around, the Army alone was short tens of thousands of handguns. This shortage was made up by purchases over the years of .38 Special revolvers.
What they did was keep the .45's in ground line units, and use the .38's in units that they could find a use for them. Supposedly .38s were available for female MPs and dog handlers, aviation crews, CID, etc. It was a pretty haphazard affair, but resistance to adoption of anything to replace the .45 was too strong to get the guns the Army needed (i.e. enough handguns of one standard model), so they kept purchasing blocks of revolvers.
Ours (Aviation unit) were Ruger Speed Six's with a round butt and lanyard loop, or S&W M10's with tapered barrel and round butt. Matte blue and wood grips on the Rugers. Commercial blue and wood grips on the Smith's. Every unit that had them (in AVN at least) had both types in the arms room. We nearly always got a choice of which model, which was really a switch from the norm in the Army. I always picked the M10, because the trigger was was better and the gun was ligther. Some chose the Rugers. Most didn't care either way.
The M41 ball is a terrible round. It's FULL METAL JACKET! I think the muzzle velocity was in the neighborhood of 900fps. It was probably better than target wadcutters, but not by much. I could never understand how so much resistance to the 9mm could exist, yet they would purchase a weaker .38 to avoid the 9mm issue. Never could get that point.
Still, I always shot expert with it. They were good shooting guns, just not much in the stopping power department. When you'd deploy overseas many locals would ask questions about it, since it was the "cowboy" image. I never felt undergunned with it, as "battlefiled upgrade" was pretty much my plan. I was happy to get issued a NIB M9 though.
Ross