Quoted: The "lump" is a fiberglass shroud that covers several venturi(holes) in the barrel. When the projectile passes the venturi, the air inside the shroud is drawn into the barrel after the projectile and out the muzzle, sucking all the propellant gases after it.
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What he said, more or less. The venturi are angled forward so that the 'draft' goes the right way. At the same time, the breech opens, allowing a full passage of air out the length of the tube. The fume extractor resevoir is pressurised by the same propellant gasses that send the projectile going forwards.When the projectile is gone out the tube, it leaves a path for the high-pressure-air in the resevoir to escape, forward, dragging the gasses out with it.
Not all tanks have them: French tanks, for example, use a system of compressed air to blow gasses out the end of the gun.
NTM