Well, unless you think this kid is gonna be a politician you can blackmail some day, I doubt it will do you much good.
Yes, you can take him to small claims court. But you have to serve him. How can you do this if he is gone?
Assuming you can serve him or go to court anyway, you might win or not. But if you do, all that gets you is a judgement. The court does not collect for you.
Unless he is local so you can monitor his life and get restitution in future I don't see it happening.
Unless his mother signed some part of the rental agreement she is legally clear. Do you think she will pay his expenses out of an ethical desire? If so, send her a bill too. For that matter, send her one anyway as maybe she will read him the riot act to make good. I doubt it, but it only costs a stamp.
I hate to say it but if the kid is not local to you your costs will probably never be recovered if you take him to court. Maybe someone else can weigh in with more hope.