I'll answer in the order you posted them:
First of all if you are married, get her input first, see what she thinks and where she would like to go. If you are not married, what do you want to do? What are your motivations? Do you want to stay hopping and popping, go mid to large city or county. But be warned - most county agencies start you in the jail. If you want political BS, go federal! See where I am going?
Me. I chose municipal law enforcement (although temporily at a large School district PD) because you get a dose of every walk of law enforcement. Narcotics, traffic, SWAT, calls, DWI's and etc. In a normal patrol function, you get to do pretty much all of it.
2- Depends on where you want to go. I prefer the south, but that is just me. Choose to work where you love to live then you all always find a way to be content when the chips are down.
3- Depends on where you go. Remember this, large starting salaries are a double edged sword. If it is a large starting salary then most likely their cost of living is out of this universe and insurance is a nightmare. We start out at $30,000, which is ok for this area. Our cost of living isn't too bad and there are enough small communities you can live outside your work area.
4- If I didn't like it, I wouldn't be doing it and putting up with the BS that goes with being LE. I cannot imagine doing anything different. Don't even consider doing this unless you really feel called.
5- See number 4
6- Ditto what shotar said but some require polygraphs, drug screens, psychologicals and PT test
7- See #4. Reasons have not changed and probably won't. This job is addicting and I need my fix!
8- Consider more people killed every year visiting relatives over the holidays than police officers killed in the line of duty. Yes, it's dangerous but if you take it seriously and use your head, your chances of making retirement are pretty good. If you will keep this thought in the back of your head: that one day, someone is going to wakeup and decide to kill a police officer and you prepare yourself for that day, every time you put on your badge, VEST, and duty rig, you will have the winning mind set.
You couldn't pay me enough to go to NY (sorry Palmer, Hunduh, Wave and Ronin). Personally, I like LE in the south to Midwest. The attitudes are different policing and for the most part in the good agencies you are left to do your job and don't have to be babysitted. This job chooses you. It isn't about the money, the benefits, the brotherhood (although very important). It's about making a differance and being there when someone needs you the most. Examine yourself very carefully, what are your motivations. If they aren't pure, then find another job. If you aren't willing to go out try and make a differance everytime you to in service, then find another job. If you aren't interested in keeping the trust that will be given to you for twenty to twenty five years, find another job. If you aren't willing to give it all for your brother in blue, then.......
you get the picture.
Good luck. If in Texas, email I know of several agencies who are hiring in the Houston area.