Leaks can be a bitch! Some morons soft solder connections. Some manufacturers use mechanical joints on line sets that are a BIG problem! Areas of evaporator coils are nearly impossible to get to. A leak rate of a pound or two per year is generally tolerable if not kosher.
Life span? Heat Pump, around 7 yrs. AC, around 10. Compressor life is actually MANY years (30 or more!) in properly installed unit that is not abused with leaks, low indoor air flow, electrical disturbances, etc.
Replacement of an outdoor unit runs around $1000, give or take, depending on size. Up to douple that if lines and indoor coil need changed. 6k quote is outrageous! That would cover complete AC, furnace and most if not all the ducting as well. Replacing a unit for eff improvement alone (AC or furnace) rarely pays.
"Puron" is a proprietary name for a generic product, R410. Runs at very high pressures. I remember the Carrier mess with Carrine - R500. That one required a lawsuit to get the formula released!!