1.  What is considered the 'normal' range for residential water pressure?  I am using City of Austin, not a private well.

2.  What is the 'standard' practice used to measure the water pressure?

1. 50 - 70 lbs. Anything over 80 starts to break things. Hard on faucets and toilet tank parts. Less than 40 lbs won't operate some lawn sprinklers & dishwashers well and showering sucks.

2. 0 - 100 lb pressure gauge attached to an outside hosebib. Hardware store will have then or can make one up for you.

There are gauges that measure pressure and flow rate but you don't really need one of those.

Thanks flatfender!

We often experience pressure so low that the water sprinkler will not oscillate.  Sometimes, the kitchen sink spray nozzel won't 'latch'.  

Your house may have a PRV (pressure regulating valve) where the water line enters the house or maybe in the meter box.  If so, you may be able to crank it up a notch.

40 lbs is average..