E911 is a service that turns on ONLY if you dial 911. It gives the location of the phone to the 911 operators, so even if you cant talk, they can find you. For instance, I was driving down I5 in WA, when I saw someone on the side of the road waving and making a "phone" symbol. So I called 911 and told them that someone needed assistance. The 911 operator said "ok, is this by mile marker 164?", I said yeah, and quiped that the E911 must be working, to which she replied "yes, you are traveling westbound on the Michigan St exit off of I5, op, you just turned right on 4th Ave S." I was a little wierded out and hung up after the conversation was over.
E911 is required in all new cell phone put in service after 01/01/2004. If you have the phone in 911 only, it will only come on during 911 calls... BTW, for all you tin foil hatters out there, they have NO way to turn on the location/GPS remotely.
Oh yeah, its not really GPS, its triangulation/transmission signals bouncing off of the cell towers.