Tuberculosis, typhoid fever, infectious typhus, small pox, bubonic plague, the French pox (syphilis), the English pox (gonorrhea), blood poisoning, gas gangrene, child-bed (birth) fever, burst appendix, abscessed teeth, conjunctivitis, kidney stones, hemorrhoids, ingrown nails, boils...all this and more in the absence of anesthetics, effective pain killers, sterile technique and antibiotics. Gosh, what a treat.