This happened a few years ago. I was in a tree stand and fired at a buck with my Remington 700 which is a 7mm Remington Magnum. When I went to work the action again it seemed kind of sticky and didn't want to close smoothly, I was watching the deer and not the gun though. I opened the action and scooped out the round and stuck it in my jacket pocket. I worked the action again as the deer was getting up (amazing that it got up, we found it a little later with a huge exit wound, anyway..) and fired a second round but missed it as it jumped into brush and then ran across a field.
We didn't find the deer until much much later that day and I am not sure, but I think it wasn't until I got home late that night that I pulled out what I believed to be the round I ejected and saw that the brass was labelled 7mm Weatherby Magnum.
I had bought the ammunition new at a Wal-Mart or Dick's sporting goods. It was green and yellow box Remington 7mm Rem Mag and I think it was 150 grain core lokt. I didn't look at the ammo closely before loading the rifle. I just pulled the ammo out of the box and loaded the rifle.
I still have the 7mm Weatherby round in my desk drawer. I think it would chamber in the rifle if I pushed down on the bolt hard enough. I don't know ANYONE who has a 7mm Weatherby magnum, I certainly don't.
The only thing I can figure is it got loaded into the wrong box somehow at the factory.