Mechanically speaking, earlier "octagon" receivers had a collar inside the receiver ring that the barrel screws up close to. Something roughly analogous to the inner collar in M98 Mauser receivers. Theoretically this probably strengthens the receiver, supports the bolt, and improves feeding.
The later "round" receivers are just bored out big inside and the square breech end of the barrel left to fend for itself. More like the early 1889 through 1896 Mauser models. And they work OK too.
Also I notice the early ones had one-piece cartridge interrupters, while the late ones have separate interrupters and springs.
Don't know about the pronunciation, or about the various models other than to note most models seem to be either a little too short or else a little too long, barrel-wise.