Until not too long ago, Mossberg had only two ways of making their magazine tubes and barrel configurations. They used one method for 20" barrelled M590's, and another method for all others (M500's).
On the 20" M590, the magazine tube is roughly the same length as the barrel. The barrel has a ring welded to it that slides over the magazine tube. The barrel is then secured to the magazine tube with a female threaded cap which is screwed on the the (male) threaded end of the magazine tube.
On M500's, the short (5 round) magazine has a plug in the end. This plug has a hole with a female thread in it. The barrel has a captive thumbscrew which screws into this plug, tightening the barrel down. Because of this plug, you can't add an extension, and none are made for guns of this configuration.
Now, it looks like Mossberg is confusing things a little bit by using the same configuration on 18 1/2" M590's as they do on 20". From the pictures in the catalog, it looks like 18 1/2" M590's have the female threaded cap / male threaded magazine tube configuration. Because of this, it looks like it is feasible to add a magazine extension to this, like many people do on 870's. However, since this seems to be a relatively new configuration, I don't know if any extensions are commercially available.
Good luck!