Quoted:
Now I hear that the 5.56 is more lethal then the 7.62x39 because when it hits soft tissue it fragments and the 7.62x39 dosen't. But if thats true then that means its more lethal then a .308 or 30/06 because they don't fragment. I'd just like some peoples insight on the subject.
5.56 may be more lethal than 7.62x39 IF it impacts its target at ~2600 feet per second or greater. At that velocity the 55 grain projectile will fragment, doing massive damage. From a 20" barrel (M16) you get reliably fragmentation, last I heard, to about 200 yards or so. From a 14.5" barrel (M4) it's more like ~75 yards. This is why troops armed with M4s are at a great disadvantage out in the open. The M4 was mainly meant to be a more capable replacement for pistol caliber SMGs for close quarters fighting (and it most certainly is). However, if the range is long enough that 5.56 doesn't fragment, then it's less effective than 7.62x39. 7.62x39 doesn't rely on terminal performance, but on the idea that it makes a bigger hole.