EOTech's website does have a page that describes the differences:
www.eotech-inc.com/lawe_hwsmodels.phpThe main differences are:
50X series = basic model with no protective metal hood, waterproof to 10 feet
51X series = with protective metal hood, waterproof to 10 feet
55X series = with protective metal hood and night vision compatibility, waterproof to 33 feet
Then you get your choice of batteries:
N = smaller and lighter but less capacity and alkaline only - 200 hour life
AA = larger and heavier but more capacity and available in alkaline, lithium (long shelf life) and rechargeable - 1100 hour life
Finally you can pick your reticle:
A65 = 65 MOA ring around 1 MOA dot - this is the standard and most popular choice although some find the ring distracting
D1 = single 1 MOA dot - this is only available for the 511 model and the small dot is hard for many people to locate quickly
FN and Sage reticles = special purpose reticles for less-lethal weapons - not of interest to you
Not all combinations of model/battery/reticle are available. These are the standard combinations and their list prices:
502.A65 - no metal hood, N batteries, 65 MOA ring-dot reticle = $299.00
511.A65 - metal hood, N batteries, 65 MOA ring-dot reticle = $369.00
511.D1 - metal hood, N batteries, single 1 MOA dot reticle = $369.00
511.FN - metal hood, N batteries, special reticle for FN303 less-leathal weapon = $369.00
511.Sage - metal hood, N batteries, special reticle for Sage less-lethal weapon = $369.00
512.A65 - metal hood, AA batteries, 65 MOA ring-dot reticle = $389.00
551.A65 - metal hood, night vision compatible, N batteries, 65 MOA ring-dot reticle = $389.00
552.A65 - metal hood, night vision compatible, AA batteries, 65 MOA ring-dot reticle = $459.00
By the way, this question is better asked in the
optics forum.
ETA - Try to get the latest Revision F models if possible. They have some worthwhile improvements including longer battery life and more durable button covers.