Quoted:
Quoted: Both rounds are derived from .30-06 Govt......308/7.62 is .30-06 shortened about 0.4 inches.
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They are? It is?
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While the official history of the .270 development is a little cloudy, and there are some claims of alternate history and inspiration, it is almost exactly the .30-06 case necked down to .277 for higher velocity and a flatter trajectory than the '06. Some Winchester gurus claim it was going to be 7mm and since .280 (.284) already existed they called it .270, but I haven't seen documentory evidence to back that part up. The smaller caliber, higher velocity movement was just starting in the 20's so the '06 neck down makes historical sense. Some have also argued that the .270 was based on Pederson's protoypes of 6.8x51 (6.8mm, where have I heard that before!?!) that was rejected by the military due to the 8mm Mauser contest (German cartridge made 1903 govt cartridge look wimpy, as did .303 British, so US thought they'd better keep to the peer @ .30 and powering it up to give us the .30-06. And then McArthur wouldn't give up on .30 cal later when Garand's design won...).
The .308 (and the similar but not same 7.62 - yes, just like .223 and 5.56) history is more clear. The .308 was the result of semi-auto sporting needing a shorter round to more reliably feed in a smaller action. .30-06 was (still is) the preeminent king of utility, so the cartridge was shortened. When the US govt went looking into assault rifles, the cartridge won because it was proven and required minimal armory changes from existing .30-06 ordinance. Again, yes they had the same small/fast arguments and .30 won again over smaller rounds. M1 Garand to M14 before we got to the M16.
It would be
very interesting to me if someone could conclusively prove that the .270 was based on Pederson's 6.8mm research because it would back up a lot of John Garand's original prototype work as well, which favored a mid-sized, high velocity round. As something to ponder, imagine if McArthur had gotten it right and gone with Pederson's 6.8x51 to begin with!