In very cold weather, the pressures present in the cartridge case during firing may be somewhat lower than in hot weather. This will tend to reduce the muzzle velocity, and also reduce some of the gas pressure in the cycling system. On very weak loads, there may be some tendency to short stroke the system, but this is unlikely because the typical operating problem on a carbine or SBR is too much gas pressure, not too little, as I discussed previously.
What I would do with my gun, if this ever became a problem, is to slightly open up the adjustable valve to compensate for the lower pressure in cold conditions.
For those with standard non-adjustable gas systems, it would be relatively easy to just substitute a lighter buffer weight when going to a cold climate.
Additionally, many lubricants act differently in cold climates, and can cause drag on the cycling system when they become stiffer, due to cold temperature. Changing to lubricants that are more suitable to cold climates can help with that situation. I'm talking about below zero temperatures here, not just a moderately cold day. I've shot my AR on 20 degree days with no difficulties at all.
If you don't regulate your gas system, it will generate more and more gas pressure,with the more rounds that have been shot down the barrel, due to port erosion. Thus, the more that barrel has been fired, the faster and harder the gun will cycle. This will make it very unlikely to short stroke in cold weather, but will make it very likely to batter in normal weather.
For your case, it would probably be advisable to have a couple of buffers to use in different weather conditions. I'd suggest a heavy 9mm buffer for summer weather, and maybe a normal H buffer or even a standard buffer for very cold weather. This is actually making an "adjustment"(to your cycling mass), and I know you don't said you don't like to do adjustments, but that is what it comes down to.
Or you can do what most people do, which is to do nothing, and take the battering of the gun as the port erodes, and ignore it until something breaks. If you only shoot semi-auto, it may go along for quite a while without breaking something, which is why some people think that there is nothing wrong, yet. Or you may start to get FTEx, or double feeds, and wonder why. But, at least now, you will know why, and can do something about it.
One of the causes of this erosion problem is that the barrels are chrome plated before the gas port is drilled, and there is no plating in the gas port hole. We are going to be making some barrels in the future which will have some improvements like a chrome plated gas port to resist this erosion, as well as some better barrel cooling features and lighter weight. We've done extensive torture tests on various barrel types, and have a lot of data on this subject. But our current focus in the near-term is to concentrate on the newly available Quick-Change-Barrel system, and the very-soon-to-come modular lower receiver system with interchangeable mag-wells.