This is can of really ugly worms, the kind that would make Lurch cringe. I got involved in a debate about this several months ago, siding with those who said that at longer ranges the 20" is preferable to the 16". Since then I've just avoided the topic. But right now I have insomnia and I'm bored. Many people will soon be calling me a jackass for saying that length matters with regards to truly long ranges
hashingWhen you read articles that people link, READ CRITICALLY AND OBJECTIVELY. Look at all the evidence that brings the author to his conclusion, and see how well it applies for your purposes. I say this because I read an article that was pretty convincing in stating that barrel length does not play a big role. But on closer inspection, I realized that the article proved this to be true only within certain parameters that don't apply to the 16 vs 20 AR situation. Of course, also be critical of the articles that claim barrel length DOES matter. Just don't make the mistake of not thinking everything through
completely.
Another thing to bear in mind that many miss: just because something can be done with a particular instrument doesn't mean that it can't be done better with another instrument.
Lastly: this is one of those few questions that requires research outside of ar15.com. To reach the right conclusion for the right reasons, you'll have to get
neck deep in some pretty thick science. Sounds boring to some, but it's actually a lot of fun learning just how everything works. Having already built an AR, it's safe to say that you're well ahead of the learning curve. You'll also have to learn about ALL the factors that affect accuracy, since incomplete knowledge can cause a person to draw the wrong conclusions from ballistic charts and other data that has
seemingly obvious implications. Find sources whose credibility you can be absolutely certain of. While there are some highly credible members here, they are often in disagreement (not just on this topic). Some gunsmithing and reloading manuals have a lot to offer, as do ballistic charts.
Have fun with your build!
Now excuse me while I sprint away from my computer