The long gun must be unloaded. It must be in an enclosed container designed to contain a firearm or a locked container; the former does not need to be locked. Ammo in a butt cuff, side saddle, etc. does not make the gun loaded, only ammo in the magazine attached to the gun or in the chamber (from a position from where it can be fired). Ammo can otherwise be on or near the gun, and accessible. The gun can be kept in a location accessible to you if desired.
The handguns must be unloaded and in a locked container. Otherwise the same rules apply.
I would strongly suggest not to inform cops you have firearms or to have evidence of them visible to a potential LEO who might pull you over, as in California the protections you might expect from the 4th Amendment do not apply if you do not have a CA CCW permit and the cop has at least reasonable suspicion of the presence of a firearm. California is not a duty to inform State.
Within your campsite, you can possess any long gun or concealable weapon any way you like, open or concealed, loaded or unloaded, but campsite is rather narrowly defined. The actual area you are using directly (fire pit, tent or trailer, seating area, etc.) is as far as I'd go in considering it your campsite. If your campsite is in a different area from your vehicle, it is legal to directly transport your cased firearms to and from your campsite.
Also, if you are in an unincorporated area where discharge is not unlawful (this will vary by county and local ordinance), you can open carry loaded, long guns or handguns, and concealed long guns can be loaded as well. Concealed handguns must still be unloaded and in a locked container. Vehicle carry in this context is limited to "roads" that aren't legally considered roads, or while off-road, as roads are a place where discharge is unlawful statewide.
State, county, and local parks may restrict the possession of firearms to a greater extent than this. You should check the rules for any such place you may be camping or visiting beforehand. Federal lands follow whatever the general State rules are for the type of area in question, so basically the above rules apply. BLM and some Forest land are the ones most like to permit seasonal or year-round discharge of firearms (fire season may limit discharge, which affects what you can legally do; again, check this beforehand). Of course, if you are far enough into the boonies, it doesn't matter much.
There are also some special rules for carrying while or during travel to and from fishing or hunting that provide some access to carry, but I don't know if you will be engaging in such activities.
If you are not in an area where discharge is not unlawful, but want to bring a gun along for hikes and such, you are limited to encased long guns, unloaded. Handguns have destination requirements when not being transported in a motor vehicle. If you are hiking directly to a distant campsite that you have reserved or something from your vehicle, a cased, locked, and unloaded handgun may be permissible as well.
It should be noted that soft cases, bags, etc. can be used for guns as long as they are lockable for handguns (or for long guns if not designed for firearms); they don't have to be hard cases.