.45 Colt can be loaded pretty hot, equal to the .44 mag, but can only be safely used in the right gun. Corbon, Grizzley, & Buffalo Bore are factory choices. I would NOT use any self defense type loads designed for the likes of the Taurus Judge.
Can it kill deer? I am a big fan of the cartridge, owned at least one since 1971. I have killed 4 deer with it... and all with a handgun. 7.5" Ruger Blackhawk 3-screw, Leupold 2X handgun scope on a B-Square mount, Hogue rubber grips. 1st two I used Corbon ammo, last two I used handloads. Both loads were 300gr bullets. Handloads are Cast Performance LFNGC, Starline Brass, 22 grs H110. Both were chrongraphed at 1175-1200fps averages from my Blackhawk. Probably get 1500+ from a rifle. Of the 4 deer I killed with that .45, 2 were forkhorn bucks, 2 were does. None of the 4 took a single step, DRT. Closest was a forkhorn I took at 4 (FOUR!) yards. Dumb shit walked right up to a pop-up blind I borrowed (it was late '90s, it was 50 degrees opening day, no snow...one of the rare seasons when I sat instead of tracked
). I shot him just below the white on his throat, bullet exited near his tail. Hit his spine breaking it, then came out his ass... complete end to end pass through (a shot I won't take again...destroyed enrtire backstraps on one side). Farthest deer taken was a big doe at about 60 yards. Tracked her in the snow, she was bedded down in some little pines, hit her in the neck breaking her spine, she never got up. I never recovered a single bullet from those 4. All were in, out, and gone.
I wouldn't hesitate taking a deer with the cartridge (with "magnum" hunting ammo) out to 100 yards with a rifle. I know the Marlins & Winchesters can safely handle those loads, not sure about the Henry but I don't see why it couldn't.