I was able to duplicate the failure mode by hand cycling the weapon.
What I found was that the bottom edge of the breech face was not sufficiently chamfered and the sharp edge was digging into my brass. That’s why it closed into battery when I would drop the mag.
Pics of gouged brass:
Brass gouged from multiple hand cyclingsI compared the chamfer to my fully reliable stainless TLE and replicated the geometry, stoning the chamfer to extend a little further back and breaking the sharp edge where the chamfer transitions to the slide bottom.
TLE chamfer New ultra carry chamfer (enlarged) Hand cycling now permits smooth feeding of rounds, even when I cycle it slowly. I didn’t really change the overall depth of the chamfer on the breech face surface, so it shouldn’t affect how it strips the next round. I tried to “rip” the slide as fast as I could to induce a failure to strip and it seems just fine.
I will update if my next range session is a dud but it appears that the resolution was pretty straightforward.
ETA: my first hundred rounds with Winchester white box were flawless. These failures were with federal champion. I am guessing the federal must have had softer brass that would let the sharp edge dig in deeper.