I'm late to the party, so this seems to have already been settled, but I wanted to make a comment.
Quote History Quoted:
When I was a kid, my buddies and I would occasionally stop at the local butcher shop, to watch the butcher work. A .22 long rifle was always used on hogs and cattle. One shot in the brain. I never saw it fail. Your choice of a high penetrating .38 Special should be fine.
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When I was a kid, my paw paw owned and operated his own butcher shop. He dispatched everything with single .22 Short fired from a rifle at very close range, and like you, I never saw it fail.
That said, he was also never dealing with a charging bull, which seems to be OP's concern. I agree that a heavy, hard cast bullet moving as fast as the gun can throw it is the way to go.